Safe use of biomass boilers

• When using wood chips, there is a potential risk of spontaneous ignition causing a fire if microbial activity occurs.
• When using wood pellets, they can produce dust during delivery, transport and storage periods. This can enhance the explosion risk. 
• Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by poor ventilation or improper use of biomass boilers.

Due to the explosive nature of wood dust used in biomass boilers, there may be a requirement to meet the legislative requirements of The  Explosive Atmospheres at Places of Work Regulations where biomass heating is being used in a workplace. 

• Wood chip need to be turned regularly to reduce the risk of spontaneous ignition occurring.
• Use good quality pellets with a low dust content and good mechanical durability.
• Areas associated with the biomass boiler equipment, including fuel storage areas and boiler house, need to be swept out and cleaned down at least weekly and all combustible waste removed.
• Dust build up must be kept to a minimum and you must ensure no ignition sources (e.g. smoking, fires or naked flames) are used near the storage areas.
• Ensure zones are created to contain dust within the fuel store so that it cannot escape between the fuel store and boiler room. In some situations, an explosion relief panel may be appropriate.
• All plant and equipment must be inspected, serviced and maintained as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
• All work must be undertaken by an approved and qualified engineer. 

You should take steps to make your biomass boiler safe for both employees and visitors.

• If possible, the boiler should be located in a self-contained external building of non-combustible construction. 
• Only trained personnel should be authorised to access the area.
• Appropriate signage should be used to warn people of the danger and access restrictions. 
• Adequate ventilation should be provided in the storage area.
• A dry powder fire extinguisher should be present at all times.